黄土高原小流域植被特征及其季节变化

植被作为影响水土流失的一个重要因子一直受到广泛关注 ,黄土高原的植被特征随季节发生很大的变化 ,从而对土壤侵蚀发生深刻影响。选择陕北安塞县大南沟小流域 ,于 1998年、1999年和 2 0 0 0年的 5～ 10月 ,每 2周1次对其植被盖度、植被高度和叶面积指数 (L AI)及其季节变化进行了测量和分析。在大南沟流域 ,一半以上的土地是农地 ,种植了玉米、糜子、谷子、马铃署、荞麦和大豆 ,其它土地利用方式有荒草地、休闲地、灌丛、林地和果园。对于农地 ,叶面积指数、作物高度和盖度随季节发生很大的变化 ,农地盖度在春天增长缓慢 ,一般在 8月份才达到其最大值 ;非农地的盖度从 4月份开始增长 ,一般 6～ 7月达到其最大值 ,并保持至 9月甚至 10月份。年降雨总量对植被有很大的影响 ,而单场大降雨对植被特征也有很大的影响     

Urbanization and homogenization - Comparing the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany

The process of urbanization has resulted in an expansion of alien plant species and declines of native species, in particular already rare species. These processes may cause a greater similarity between different urban regions, i.e. biotic homogenization. We explored the relationship between urban regions and homogenization for plant species in Germany using (i) all plant species, (ii) only native species, (iii) all alien species and only those introduced (iv) before or (v) after 1500, respectively. We used the database FLORKART for species distribution on a 6 min latitude × 10 min longitude (ca. 130 km²) scale. We calculated mean similarities for the 60 “most urbanized” cells. We then resampled 60 randomly drawn “less urbanized” cells and 60 “rural” cells and compared these results to the “most urbanized” cells taking distance effects into account. Urbanization does not have an overall effect on homogenization of all species, but native species as well as pre-1500 alien plant assemblages show effects of homogenization while post-1500 alien plant assemblages show the opposite effect. On a regional scale, urbanization is not unequivocally related to homogenization. This might be different when extending the analysed range across several bioclimatic regions. Specific urban habitats, or what remains of them, require special protection and management if the trend towards homogenization is to be avoided.     

Comprehensive Analysis of Plant Gene Expression in Soybean Root Nodules at Different Growth Stages

Gene expression profiles in early (12 d after sowing, DAS), mature (35 DAS) and senescent (77 DAS) soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Enrei) root nodules were analyzed using Lotus japonicus cDNA macroarray. The cDNA macroarray membranes contained 18,144 independent cDNAs of L. japonicus isolated from various organs. The membranes were hybridized to ³³P-labeled single-strand cDNAs transcribed from mRNA extracted from the soybean root nodules at three different growth stages. The results showed that over 75% of the cDNA clones gave a relative signal intensity (RSI) lower than 300, irrespective of the soybean growth stage. cDNA with an RSI value over 5,000 accounted for 2.1, 1.2 and 0.5% of the total cDNA clones at 12, 35 and 77 DAS, respectively. The highest RSI value was detected in a clone hybridized to putative pectinesterase (MWM097c10_r) at 12 DAS, while the RSI value of lycopene β-cyclase (MWL025d06_r) was the highest at 35 and 77 DAS. At 77 DAS, the percentage of transferase gene cDNA clones accounted for 20.5% of the total cDNA clones showing an RSI value over 500, a value clearly lower than that at 12 and 35 DAS. On the other hand, the percentage of hydrolase gene cDNA clones accounted for 45.2% at 77 DAS, a value around 1.5 times higher than that at 12 and 35 DAS. The chronological RSI profiles of individual cDNA clones were classified into nine patterns, and the profiles of the cDNA clones belonging to 15 homologous gene groups encoding enzymes of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, nodule specific proteins, enzymes of RNA and protein hydrolysis, and synthesis of jasmonic acid precursor were compared within and between groups. As a result, significant variations both within- and between-groups were revealed.     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定硼的方法研究

采用 Sr-Ni-Al-Mg 混合液为基体改进剂,研究了塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定硼的方法.试验表明,使用本混合基体改进剂,抗干扰能力强,大大挺高硼的吸收信号,线性范围较宽(0.2～10μg/mLB),并且在线性范围内彻底消除了硼的记忆效应.方法的特征量为100pg/0.0044A·S.     

环境因素对风箱果种子萌发的影响

以风箱果自然成熟的种子为研究对象,对影响种子萌发的环境因素进行了研究.结果表明:种子属于需光性种子,光照能够促进种子萌发.在10～25℃条件下,种子均能萌发,以20℃发芽率最高[(78.33±1.67)%],萌发速度最快[(23.61±2.29)%];播种深度显著影响种子的出苗率(P<0.01),不覆土(O cm)出苗率高达(68.33±6.01)%;超过0.5 cm,出苗率显著降低,2 cm时出苗率为O;种子在土壤中萌发时,土壤的适宜含水量为40%,此时出苗最快[(15.44±0.15)%],出苗率最高[(51.67±1.67)%],幼苗的死亡率也较低[(16.67±8.82)%].自然条件下,温度不是种子萌发的限制因子,影响风箱果种子萌发和幼苗成功定居的关键因子是土壤含水量、光照以及播种深度.     

油茶芽接与扦插育苗比较

为降低油茶育苗成本,提高经济效益,对油茶芽接和扦插育苗进行了试验比较。结果表明:油茶扦插成活率高于芽接30%~50%;每公顷出苗量高于芽接1倍多;苗木良种纯度高,但生长量滞后芽接0.5~1年;每公顷成本投入低于芽接15.75%;收入高于芽接2.36倍;扦插育苗经济效益显著,市场竞争力强。     

不同激素对油茶关键生长过程的调节机制初步研究

对不同生长阶段的长林53品系油茶,采用L27(313)正交试验设计,分别喷施不同浓度的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)和芸苔素内酯(BRs),研究植物激素对油茶生长的影响。结果表明:①IAA是影响产量和叶片相对叶绿素含量的关键因子,GA是影响叶片钾含量的关键因子,IAA与GA交互作用是影响籽出仁率和仁出油率的关键因子,影响花提前开放的关键因子是GA和CTK互作,IAA、GA和CTK互作是影响干物质积累的关键因子,IAA和BRs是影响叶片磷的关键因子,CTK和BRs互作是影响叶片含氮关键因子;②在5月和10月喷施10 mg/L IAA、10 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,长林53号油茶最早开花;5月和9月喷施10 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、0.1 mg/L CTK和0.001mg/L BRs,叶片SPAD值最高;5月和9月喷施0.1 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,有最高的干物质积累;5月和10月喷施1 mg/L IAA、1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.0...     

长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响

2009年7月中旬,以佳木斯孟家岗林场间伐8年后的34年生长白落叶松人工纯林为对象,分析均匀间伐、大林隙和小林隙的林下更新和植物多样性。结果表明:与均匀间伐相比,林隙内出现了树高超过1.5m的胡桃楸、山杨和春榆等喜光阔叶树种,大林隙中出现树高超过2m的胡桃楸幼树;林隙内更新树种的个体密度、平均高和平均地径明显增加,大林隙尤为显著(P<0.05);林隙内木本植物的Simpson多样性指数和盖度均显著高于均匀间伐(P<0.05);与小林隙相比,大林隙内木本和草本植物盖度均显著增加(P<0.05);木本植物竞争种的重要值表现为大林隙>小林隙>均匀间伐,耐胁迫种的重要值相反(P<0.05);大林隙内1年生草本植物的重要值显著高于小林隙和均匀间伐(P<0.05),多年生草本植物则相反(P<0.05);大林隙Grime'功能群中杂草种的重要值高于小林隙和均匀间伐,耐胁迫种则相反(P<0.05);小林隙与均匀间伐的草本植物不同生活型及Grime'功能群的组成差异不明显(P>0.05);林隙间伐结合均匀间伐可以将长白落叶松人工纯林改造成长白落叶松针阔混交异龄林,较单独实施均匀间伐更有利于林下更新和植物多样性的提高,间伐林隙应...